Computer Architecture

Computer architecture is the theory behind the design of computer. The digital computer can be divided into 3 major sections are CPU, memory and I-O unit. Main parts of the computer are given below:

Processor (CPU):  
The processor is a computer chip ( heart of the computer) that receives the data fro the input devices, processes the data in some way by performing calculations or re-organizing it, stores the results in memory until it sends them to an output device or stores them on a backing storage device. The CPU is divided into 3 major sections are following:

Control Unit (CU):
 The control unit manages program instructions, so that data is received from input devices and sent to output devices at the right time. It sends out control signals at a speed that is measured in megahertz.

Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) :
 The arithmetic and logic unit carries out all the arithmetical and logical 'operations that are needed to process data.

Register Unit:  
It is a special temporary storage location of CPU. Registers are very quickly accept, store and transfer data and instruction that are being used currently.

Bus:   
A bus is simply a parallel communication pathway over which information and signal are transferred between several computer components and the CPU are called buses.

 Data Bus: 
The data bus used to communicate data from CPU and other internal unit of computer system. The data bus is bidirectional.

Control Bus:  
The control signals transmitted on the control bus to ensure that proper timing does occur.

Address Bus:  
 The address is used to carry address signal for addressing data in different location in computer memory. So that it is unidirectional bus.