Excel Operator and Functions

Operators are elements of a formula that can be used to calculate the result of calculation. Excel includes four different types of calculation operations: arithmetic, comparison, text, and reference. Or a sign symbol that specifies the type of calculation in formula.

Arithmetic operators

Operators	Meaning	Example
+	Addition	7+8
-	Subtraction	4-2
*	Multiplication	2*4
/	Division	4/2
%	Percent	99%
^	Exponentiation	2^10

Logical Operators

Operators	Meaning	Example
=	Equal to	B2=C2
>	Greater than	A5>C10
<	Less than	B3<F4
>=	Greater than or equal to	A4>=C2
<=	Less than or equal to	G3<=A2
<> or !=	Not equal to	B2<>A2

Text Operator

Operators	Meaning
&	Connects, or concatenates, two values to produce one continuous text value.

Reference operators

Operators	Meaning
:	Range operator, which produces one reference to all the cells between two references
,	Union operator, which combines multiple references into one reference.
(single space)	Intersection operator, which produces one reference to cells common to two references

v     Pivot table: A pivot table is an interactive table that is used to quickly summarizes, or cross-tabulates, large amounts of data.

v     Goal seek: A method of finding the input value a formula needs to return a given result. When goal seeking, Microsoft excel varies the value in a cell you specify until a formula that's dependent on that cell returns the result you want. You want to find a specific value for a particular cell by adjusting the value of only one other cell.

v     Data marker: A bar, area, dot, slice, or other symbol in a chart that represents a single data point or value that originates from a worksheet cell. Related data markers in a chart constitute a data series.

v     Data table: A data table is a range of cells that shows how changing certain values in you formulas affect the results of the formulas. Data tables provide a shortcut for calculating multiple versions in one operation and a way to view and compare the results of all of the different variations together on your worksheet.

v     What if-Analysis: It is the data analysis in which the one factor changing in one cell causes the reflection on other cells is called what if analysis. The analysis tools are follows: Data table, Scenario, Solver, Goal Seek.

v     List: A series of worksheet rows that contain related data, such as an invoice database or a set of client names and phone numbers. A list can be used as a database, in which rows are records and columns are fields. The first row of the list has labels for the columns are filled names.

v     Outline: Worksheet data in which rows or columns of detail data are grouped so that user can create summary reports. The outline can summarize either an entire worksheet or a selected portion of it.

v     Data sort:  The method of organizing data into particular sequence for quick reference is called data sort. A way to arrange data based on value or data type. The data sort can be organized data alphabetically, numerically, or by date. Sort orders use an ascending (0 to 9, A to Z) or descending (9 to 0, Z to A) order.

v     Array: The array is used to build single formulas that produce multiple results or that operate on a group of arguments arranged in rows & columns.

v     Formula palette: A tool that helps you creates or edits a formula and also provides information about functions and their arguments. The palette appears below the formula bar when we click the edit formula button on the formula bar or the paste function button on the standard toolbar.

v     Formula bar: A bar at the top of the excel window that we can use to enter or edit formulas in cells or charts. It displays the constant value or formula used in the active cell. The formula bar consists of name or cell reference box, paste functions, cancel, ok and input box.

v     Formula: A formula is an equation that performs calculations in a cell. Or a sequence of values, cell references, names, functions, or operators in a cell that produces a new value from existing values. A formula always begins with an equal (=) sign.

v     External reference: A reference to a cell or range on a sheet in another Microsoft excel workbook or a reference to a defined name in another workbook is called external reference.

v     Function: A prewritten formula that takes a value or values, performs an operation, and returns a value or values. Use functions to simplify and shorten formulas on a worksheet, especially those that performs lengthy or complex calculations.

v     Scenario: A named set of input values you can substitute in a worksheet model.

v     Worksheet cell contents: Numbers, text, data & time, formula, format, comment.

v     Chart: The graphical presentation of data series is called chart.

v     Data series: A group of related data points plotted in a chart that originates from rows or columns on a single worksheet. Each data series in a chart has a unique color or pattern.

v     Data label: A label hat provides additional information about a data marker, which represents a single data point or value that originates from a worksheet cell. Data labels can show values, names of data series or categories, percentages, or a combination of these depending on charts.

v     Legend: A box that identifies the patterns or color assigned to the data series or categories in a chart.

v     Data marker: A bar, area, dot, slice, or other symbol in a chart that represents a single data point or value that originates from a worksheet cell. Related data markers in a chart constitute a data series.

v     Data table: A grid in a chart that contains the numeric data used to create the chart. Each row in the data table represents a data series. The data table usually is attached to the category axis of he chart and replaces the tick mark labels on the category axis.

v     Axis: A line that boarder one side of the plot area, providing a frame of reference for measurement or comparison in a chart. Data values are plotted along the values (y) axis, and categories are plotted along the category (x) axis.

v     Gridlines: The lines you can add to a chart that make it easier to view and evaluate data. Gridlines extend from the tick marks on an axis across the plot area.

v     Titles: It is the descriptive text that is automatically aligned to an axis or centered at the top, X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.

v     Format: Changing the appearance of cell contents, sheet etc.

v     Goals seek:  A method of finding the input value a formula needs to return a given result. When goal seeking, excel varies the value in a cell you specify until a formula that's dependent on that cell returns the result you want.